Detailed History of Eswatini

Eswatini’s monarchy is a dual one, and the King or  “Ingwenyama” (lion) rules in conjunction with the Queen Mother or “Ndlovukazi” (she-elephant). The queen may be the king’s natural mother or, on her death, a senior wife. It is interesting to note that Eswatini does not follow the rule of the eldest son as successor to the throne but rather selects the most suitable son. While certain aspects of the succession to the throne are secret, it is generally known that the king must be the only child of his mother and unmarried. Thus Eswatini kings were always young men when ascending to the Throne. The present  Monarch, His Majesty King Mswati III, ascended to the Throne in 1986 at the age of 18 years old, succeeding his father King Sobhuza II, a much respected and loved King. King Sobhuza II  was the world’s longest-reigning monarch when he died, ruling from 1921 until 1982.

Eswatini is a former British protectorate that gained independence on 06^th September 1968, following 65 years of British colonial rule. Both the country’s political and legal systems can be described as dual in that they feature the simultaneous operation of traditional institutions and Western methods of modern governance.

Eswatini encompasses magnificent mountain scenery with unique, ancient rock formations, which are a source of fascination for geologists, scholars, and visitors. Within the borders of the country, each feature of Africa’s terrain, apart from the desert, is found. Rich biodiversity and culture make Eswatini an attractive destination for international artists.

The country boasts one of the richest cultures in the world, with generally polite, respectful, and welcoming people. Old traditions are carefully guarded, and colorful ceremonies regularly take place to mark celebrations for the first fruit harvest and thanksgiving for the end of the year, as well as to preserve young women’s chastity. The two main ceremonies are the Umhlanga or Reed Dance and the Incwala or First Fruits Ceremony. The Umhlanga, which is held towards the end of  August and early September, involves unmarried maidens who, dressed in colorful beaded skirts and accessories, travel to the Royal Kraal (residence) to honor the Queen Mother and perform traditional dances. On the way, they gather reeds, which are used to make screens around the Royal Kraal and it is from this custom that the ceremony derives its name.